See also IEEE blogpost: https://standards.ieee.org/beyond-standards/how-good-is-the-camera-ieee-4001-gives-answers/
How good is your camera, actually? This question is addressed by the new IEEE 4001 standard, developed by a large group of people from the hyperspectral imaging community, recognizing that an improvement over current practice in this field is needed. This standard defines a set of performance characteristics that are directly comparable between cameras. It can be seen as an analog to the EMVA 1288 for image sensors, by defining a similarly comprehensive specification for complete cameras. To serve this purpose, some new characteristics have been developed for IEEE 4001. The standard also defines camera-related metadata that quantify the effects imprinted by the camera on an image. The formal scope of the standard is hyperspectral imaging, but it can be readily adapted to other imaging modalities where it also has potential to be useful. The standard can be downloaded from the IEEE XPLORE site (for free with library access, or through a $133 paywall). Here is an excerpt from the IEEE press release:
Comprehensive, yet minimal, camera characteristics
IEEE 4001 incorporates many conventional camera characteristics, but also some newly developed performance metrics, in order to arrive at a minimal (necessary and sufficient) set that includes parameters of a complete signal model, as well as measures of actual resolution and various nonidealities. Many aspects of camera performance are covered:
Spectral: Spectral range, Number of bands, Spectral peak width, Spectral sampling interval, Equivalent Band Count
Spatial: Pixel format, Field of view, Geometrical pixel field of view, Peak width, Equivalent Pixel Count, Effective spatial fill factor, Spatial distortion, Object distance
Radiometric: Effective throughput, Response nonuniformity, Read noise, Normalized read noise, Dark current, NESR at the noise floor, Saturation capacity, Linearity error, Signal to noise ratio, Dynamic range, Dark correction
Temporal: Maximum frame rate, Integration time range, Synchronization between bands, Dead time
Coregistration: Spatial coregistration error, Spectral coregistration error
Stray light: Stray light apparent reflectance
Data output: Output data level, Real time capability, Synchronization capability, Invalid data flagging
Calibration: Statement of radiometric, spectral, and geometrical accuracy
Other characteristics: Bad pixels, Polarization dependence, Detector type/temperature
Metadata enhancing image exploitation
IEEE 4001 also defines camera-related metadata describing the influence of camera properties on a given image. With IEEE 4001-compliant metadata, it is for example possible to estimate the signal-dependent physical noise amplitude in all pixels and all bands, and to estimate the local magnitude of artifacts due to coregistration error. This can enable more accurate extraction of information from imagery.
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